When facing breast cancer, the immediate focus is understandably on treating the disease. But what many don’t realize is that some treatments, while life-saving, can have long-term effects on heart health. Chemotherapy and radiation, two common pillars of breast cancer treatment, can sometimes take a toll on the heart. For patients, being aware of this connection and taking steps to monitor heart health is just as crucial as fighting the cancer itself.
How Breast Cancer Treatments Affect the Heart
Certain chemotherapy drugs, like
anthracyclines
(e.g., doxorubicin) and
HER2-targeted therapies
(e.g., trastuzumab), are known to potentially harm the heart.
These drugs can weaken the heart muscle, leading to conditions like cardiomyopathy or heart failure. Radiation therapy, especially when targeting the left side of the chest (where the heart is closer), can also increase the risk of heart disease over time. It can cause scarring, inflammation, or damage to the heart valves and arteries.
The risk isn’t the same for everyone. Factors like pre-existing heart conditions, age, and lifestyle choices (such as smoking or a sedentary routine) can amplify these risks. But even for those without prior heart issues, the cumulative effect of treatments can be significant.
Monitoring Heart Health During and After Treatment
The good news? There are ways to keep an eye on your heart while undergoing breast cancer treatment. Here’s what you can do:
Regular Check-Ups:
During treatment, your oncologist may work with a cardiologist to monitor your heart function. Tests like echocardiograms or MUGA scans can assess how well your heart is pumping blood.
Lifestyle Adjustments:
Small changes can make a big difference. Eating a heart-healthy diet (think more veggies, whole grains, and lean proteins), staying active (even light exercise helps), and avoiding smoking can protect your heart.
Know the Signs:
Be aware of symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs, or an irregular heartbeat. These could signal heart trouble and should be reported to your doctor immediately.
Long-Term Follow-Up:
Even after treatment ends, keep up with regular heart health screenings. Some heart issues can develop years later, so staying vigilant is key.
Dr. Pragati Singhal
